Documenting War was a temporary research center for cross-disciplinary, intensive study of how war is represented. Funded by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, this year-long Sawyer Seminar explored the genres, rhetoric, and real effects of wartime documentation and postwar reflection, as carried out by journalists, soldiers, civilians, and artists in verbal, visual, and mixed media forms. The seminar was led by project codirectors Carol Burke, Professor of English, and Cécile Whiting, Professor of Art History and Visual Studies.

The Mellon Foundation established Sawyer Seminar grants in 1994 to provide support for comparative research on the historical and cultural sources of contemporary developments. The grant supported a series of open lectures and workshops during the academic year, a postdoctoral fellowship, and two graduate student predoctoral fellowships.

Professional photographers, filmmakers, videographers, and journalists document the wars we fight and the conflicts we avoid. Often they send their dispatches from “the front” in the heat of battle. They record both the losses that come with any war and the atrocities suffered by those unwitting civilians caught in harm’s way. Distilling for those at home the complications and chaos of war, they develop narratives of heroism and sacrifice, efficiency and excess, domination and liberation. At times their assessments of war come from leaders, both military and civilian, whose task it is to manage conflict, if not to win it. They produce the iconic images and accounts of injustice that compel a nation to enter war in the first place and the ensuing bloodshed and ruin that sears a war into our memory.

Such professionals are not the only witnesses to report from the battle front. Ordinary individuals heading off to fight and civilians to whom war comes uninvited also produce written accounts of the slice of the war they witness in the form of diaries, journals, poems, blog posts, tweets, and Instagram as well as in images sketched on scraps of paper, sewn into traditional handicrafts, recorded on personal cameras, and videotaped on cell phones, edited, set to the tune of Heavy Metal, and posted on YouTube as what soldiers call their “trophy videos.”

Our title, Documenting War, encompasses the verbal accounts of direct and indirect participants in war, the visual representation of conflict and its aftermath, the archival efforts to preserve the documents that scholars consult as they construct their histories of war, and the commemorative memorials and museum exhibitions evoking conflicts past. The seminar examines the ways in which documentary texts and images incite soldiers, on duty or retired, and civilians, families or activists to form communities of consent and dissent, of testimony and witness, and of sacrifice and survival. It reframes the discussion of the documents of war by focusing on the exchange between military personnel, journalists, and academic scholars in the Humanities; and second by analyzing the ways in which documents produced in the heat of the battle and those produced in hindsight both complement and contradict each other in the formation of lasting collective memories of armed conflict.

Carol Burke
Seminar Co-Director and Professor of English


Cécile Whiting
Seminar Codirector and Chancellor’s Professor of Art History and Visual Studies


Amanda Jeanne Swain
Executive Director of the Humanities Commons


Saeid Jalalipour
Program Coordinator at the Humanities Commons


Joseph Darda
Assistant Professor of English and Comparative Race and Ethnic Studies at Texas Christian University


Olivia Humphrey
Predoctoral Fellow - PhD Student in History


David Woods
Predoctoral Fellow - PhD Student in English

Documenting War codirectors Carol Burke and Cécile Whiting sat down with the UCI School of Humanities magazine to discuss their research on the representation of war and the 2016–17 Sawyer Seminar. The entire issue on the topic “War” can be viewed on the School of Humanities’ website.

Fall Quarter 2016

Art History 165D: US Art and War | Cécile Whiting
Artists witness the events of war as well as produce and mobilize patriotic support and resistance to conflicts as they unfold and in retrospect. This class will focus on photographs, paintings, and public monuments from wars past and present, treating them as contested sites of public memory and national identity. Students will have an opportunity to participate in organizing an exhibit of refugee art to be mounted in spring 2017 on campus. They will help select works to be shown and write labels for the exhibit.


English 103/Literary Journalism 103: Documenting War | Carol Burke
Photographers, filmmakers, videographers, journalists, and more recently bloggers document the wars we fight and the conflicts we avoid. They send their dispatches from “the front” in the heat of conflict. They record the losses that come with any war and the atrocities suffered by those caught in harm’s way. They distill for those of us on the home front the complications and chaos of war into narratives of heroism and sacrifice, efficiency and excess, liberation and injustice. They bring us the assessments of war from leaders, both military and civilian, whose task it is to manage conflict, if not to win it. They produce the iconic images that sear a war in our memory.

In this course, we will look closely, but not exclusively, at the work of documentary filmmakers, photojournalists, and print journalists. We will consider the arguments they make, the scenes they depict, and the stories they tell in their efforts to write the first draft of history or to bring to light a previously hidden truth about a specific war.


Winter Quarter 2017

Visual Studies 295/English 210: The American War in Vietnam | Carol Burke and Cécile Whiting
The Vietnam War was several wars: a war of independence, a civil war, a guerilla war, a proxy war, an insurgency, a war to win “hearts and minds;” and, as it lingered on, many called it “an unwinnable war.” In this seminar we will examine efforts to document this protean war as it unfolded (the print journalism, photojournalism, and television broadcasts from reporters with unprecedented access to the conflict), the reactions of those who protested an unpopular war, and the reflections of writers and artists that emerged after the fall of Saigon in 1975. Texts will include selections from historians Marilyn Young’s The Vietnam Wars and Nick Turse’s Kill Everything that Moves; literary journalism by Herr, Hersh, Riddenhour, and Laurence; prose by O’Brien, Wolff, Ninh, and Hasford; poetry by Levertov, Duncan, and Weigl; protest literature like The Huron Statement and The Winter Soldier Hearings; films by Davis, Goodman, Ashby, Kubrick, Herzog, and Coppola; key photographs of violence that circulated in the press; and art work by Emory Douglas, Martha Rosler, Peter Saul, Nancy Spero, and others. No story of any war is complete without the accounts of the return of those who were deployed to fight in the name of the state, the memorials in honor of those who fought but did not return, and the accounts of refugees forced to flee their homeland.


Spring Quarter 2017

 

Literary Journalism 103: Reporting the National Security State | Joseph Darda
On September 16, 2001, days after the 9/11 attacks on New York City and Washington, DC, vice president Dick Cheney sat down for an interview with Meet the Press host Tim Russert. “We’re going to spend time in shadows in the intelligence world,” he told Russert. “A lot of what needs to be done here will have to be done quietly, without any discussion, using sources and methods that are available to our intelligence agencies.” This course will explore how writers have told the stories of these “shadows” and this covert “world.” How have journalists investigated and reported on national security in an age of heightened state secrecy? How have they rendered sometimes opaque government activities––counterterrorism, mass surveillance, cyber war––in narrative form? As a story?

Through the work of photojournalists, documentary filmmakers, and the writing of such print journalists as Jane Mayer, Glenn Greenwald, and Fred Kaplan, we will consider the growth of the United States’ national security infrastructure since the onset of the cold war and the struggle to tell (and conceal) that story in the twenty-first century. After two weeks devoted to contemporary narrative journalism that “re-reports” the cold war, we will move through three interrelated units on military prisons, state surveillance, and cyber war. From now until June, we will ask how writers, faced with the challenges of secrecy and complexity, have constructed stories out of material that may, at first glance, seem to resist storytelling.

Seminar Highlights